Learning pathsA
Foundations

Design patterns

Use a pattern to resolve a named source of change.

Understand the problem

Strategy swaps algorithms. Observer distributes change notifications. Factory centralizes creation rules. State models behavior that depends on lifecycle stage.

Make it concrete

A vending machine accepts different actions in idle, paid, and dispensing states.

Trade-offs and pitfalls

Patterns are vocabulary, not a scorecard of how many classes you can introduce.

Check your understanding

Choose a pattern for interchangeable discount policies.

Practice this topic

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